![]() ![]() Several other methods are employed to regulate the energy. Most gas-operated firearms rely on tuning the gas port size, mass of operating parts, and spring pressures to function. This high- pressure gas has sufficient force to destroy a firearm unless it is regulated somehow. To simplify and lighten the firearm, gas from nearer the chamber needed to be used. This, combined with larger operating parts, reduced the strain on the mechanism. Early guns, such as Browning's "flapper" prototype, the Bang rifle, and Garand rifle, used relatively low-pressure gas from at or near the muzzle. ![]() The face of the piston is acted upon by combustion gas from a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. Most current gas systems employ some type of piston. In 1889, the Austro-Hungarian Adolf Odkolek von Újezd filed a patent for the first successful gas-operated machine gun. They would also produce a semi-automatic shotgun in the early 1890s. In the 1880s a gas piston-operated rifle and pistol were developed by the Clair Brothers of France who received a French patent and submitted prototypes for testing by the French army in 1888 although the true date of their invention is uncertain. Taylerson, a firearms historian, his patented revolver was probably workable. It is not known whether Paulson ever constructed prototypes of his patents but according toĪ. ![]() He would also patent a gas-operated revolver in 1886. In 1885, one year after Maxim's first gas-operated patent, a British inventor called Richard Paulson, who a year before had patented a straight blowback-operated rifle and pistol, again, one year after Maxim’s first blowback patent, patented a gas piston-operated rifle and pistol which he claimed could be used with sliding, rotating or falling bolts. Between 18, Hiram Maxim filed a number of patents on blowback-, recoil-, and gas-operation. In 1866, Englishman William Curtis filed the first patent on a gas-operated repeating rifle, but subsequently failed to develop that idea further. ![]() The first mention of using a gas piston in a single-shot breech-loading rifle comes from 1856, by the German Edward Lindner who patented his invention in the United States and Britain. ![]()
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